The procurement act 2023 received royal assent on 26 October 2023. It is expected to enter into force in October 2024 and represents the most significant shake-up to procurement law and practice for a generation.

Updated 19 January 2024

In this post, we look at some of the key changes that bidders and suppliers to the public sector must be aware of which flow from the Procurement Act 2023 (the Act). What are the changes and what should you do about them?

If you have any questions or would like to know more about how to prepare for the Act, our team would be delighted to discuss this with you.

What are the key changes?

Improving quality of delivery to the public sector and holding suppliers to greater account are key aims of the government in reforming procurement. At the same time the government is subjecting itself to greater transparency on how it runs procurements and manages contracts. 

The key changes which flow from this are:

• Publication of key performance indicators (KPIs) and supplier performance against them
• Exclusion grounds for poor performance
• Greater due diligence on supply chains
• Debarment list
• Pipelines of future procurement activity
• Notices for most changes made to a contract during its term

What do the changes mean?

Contracts over £5 million in value must be published within 90 days of being entered into (this is 180 days for light touch contracts). These contracts must contain 3 or more KPIs; these are then published and performance reported on at least once a year and on termination of the contract. If a supplier is underperforming or there has been a breach which has resulted in termination/damages/settlement, this must be reported (this does not apply to private utilities). This means suppliers are publicly held to account for living up to their promises. There are also significant potential impacts which flow from this, including exclusion.

A new discretionary ground for exclusion has been introduced which gives contracting authorities the ability to exclude a bidder. The ground applies when a supplier has breached a relevant contract in a sufficiently serious way and also if it has not performed to the customer's satisfaction (and has failed to improve after notice was given). 

The wider reforms mean that the underlying performance data will be public - it will be much harder for bidders to pick and choose their best contract experience. The Act also provides for a central debarment list, which will be publicly available and contracting authorities are required to consider it as part of their procurement processes. In addition,  poor performers can be excluded from applying for public contracts – this is a significant step towards holding suppliers to account and is likely to cause most bidders some concern until it is seen how this list is managed. 

The hurdles which bidders are facing do not stop here, as supply chains are set to be more closely scrutinised. 

A bidder which has failed to provide requested information or provides information which is incomplete, inaccurate or misleading must be treated as an "excluded supplier". A significant impact of this is that a contract may have to be terminated where "a supplier has since the award of the contract, become an excluded supplier or excludable supplier". Where it becomes apparent that a supplier is subcontracting but did not state this in the bid, this has the potential to become a ground for challenge. 

Bidders should also note that the mandatory and discretionary exclusion grounds will be applied to the entity that is bidding, their connected persons (such as those persons who exercise significant influence or control such as directors and shadow directors), and their associated persons (where a bidder is relying on the expertise of another entity). Similarly, bidder supply chains (and not just the ‘key’ or ‘essential’ ones anymore) will also need to satisfy the mandatory and discretionary exclusion grounds. Clearly, bidders are going to need time to prepare their supply chains and any partners on whom you collaborate with through consortia or otherwise to be able to answer questions about them properly and be sure they meet the required standard.

Bidders who are subject to an investigation, which finds that an exclusion ground applies will be added to a public debarment list. The debarment list will be used by contracting authorities when applying exclusion grounds to their procurements. Bidders can appeal a decision to add them to the debarment list (8 working days from when a bidder is given notice) and/or apply to have their name removed. Bidders should conduct due diligence internally and on their supply chains and partners to identify any risks as well as have plans in place to appeal any decision to be added to the debarment list.  

The good news is that bidders should be getting better warning that a procurement is due to be launched. Contracting authorities (but not private utilities) which consider they will pay more than £100 million under relevant contracts in the coming financial year are required to publish a pipeline of contracts with an estimated value of more than £2 million.

In respect of contract modifications,  increased transparency may provide further notice when contracts are being stretched and may need to be re-procured early. We will cover contract modification in more depth in another deep-dive.

What should bidders do, and when?

Legal teams will need to work closely with the business on public sector tendering if they are not already doing so. This is so that they understand the overall changes made by the Act.

Bidders will need to ensure key performance indicators are drafted appropriately and there are sufficient warnings to alert it if the customer believes metrics are likely to be missed as this will be reported on publicly and could lead to exclusion from future procurements.

Care will need to be taken to ensure confidential information in contracts is not published online: in particular, commercial and technical schedules (not only pricing) should be reviewed and redacted (thought may be given to redacting certain clauses which show a position has been accepted by a bidder as this could undermine other negotiations). We recommend allocating resource and putting in processes now, so it can be managed when the Act goes live in October 2024 (current expectation).

Bidders should also allocate resource to scan public notices and reports as the transparency measures represent an opportunity to monitor competitor contracts – where terms seem onerous or you know they are not being adhered to, this could indicate there are grounds to challenge.

The list of exclusion grounds in Schedules 6 and 7 of the Act should be reviewed and bidders should 'clean house' ahead of these coming into effect. This goes for the supply chain and strategic partners as well. Bidders should ensure that they do not represent a risk to winning (and keeping) a contract. Bidder policies which govern behaviour and can be included in sub-contracts may be helpful here; as a minimum we recommend including clauses requiring adherence to certain standards which (if breached) could lead to exclusion from public contracts. Reporting and ongoing due diligence will also be key, to allow bidders to be alive to the health of their supply chains and can put forward the best teams for public contracts – reporting obligations should be built into these subcontracts if they are not already there.

The obligation on contracting authorities to publish pipelines of contracts which are coming up in the year ahead is a subtly significant change. We expect this will create an opportunity for diligent bidders to identify opportunities and allocate resource to projects which align with their strategy. It may result in procurements being more competitive and challenged more regularly as the bidders will be better prepared and more specifically targeting contracts so bidders should anticipate this.

Overall, the message is to have a firm understanding of your business, ensure the supply chain is strong and healthy and ensure your contracts are realistic in terms of performance requirements. Plan to allocate the resource needed to manage your public sector activity to give you the best chance of success.